Emulators that generate defined polarization-dependent losses (PDLs) or polarization mode dispersions (PMDs) are used in the verification of optical transmission systems, measurement solutions, and components.
Emulators that generate defined polarization-dependent losses (PDLs) or first-order and second-order polarization mode dispersions (PMDs) are used to characterize optical transmission systems, transponders, and receivers in telecommunications.
The PDL emulator PDLE-101 produces deterministic polarization-dependent optical losses (PDLs) in the range from 0 dB to 20 dB with a resolution of 0.1 dB.
These emulators are commonly referred to as the PDL source, which either produces a statistical PDL value or passes through PDL values at different speeds and waveforms (square, sine, triangle, random).
They are used to characterize fiber-optic transceivers, transponders, and transmission systems with coherent transmission at 40 Gb/s or 100 Gb/s.
The PMD-1000 source produces defined first-order and second-order PMD values to characterize PMD compensators or test the PMD tolerance of optical transmission systems. In DWDM paths, the PMD-1000 can be used in connection with a suitable source for the in-line measurement of PMD.
PMD and PDL measurement devices must be calibrated regularly. So-called calibration normals or calibration artifacts are available in different forms for this purpose. Select between:
